
Ethereum represents the gateway to a worldwide, decentralized computing paradigm. This platform enables you to run decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts that have no central points of failure or control, integrate with a payment network, and operate on an open blockchain. With this practical guide, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Gavin Wood provide everything you need to know about building smart contracts and DApps on Ethereum and other virtual-machine blockchains.

Discover why IBM, Microsoft, NASDAQ, and hundreds of other organizations are experimenting with Ethereum. This essential guide shows you how to develop the skills necessary to be an innovator in this growing and exciting new industry.

A guide to the operation and use of Ethereum and other EVM-compatible blockchains.

Mastering Ethereum


The story of the idealists, technologists, and opportunists fighting to bring cryptocurrency to the masses.

In their short history, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have gone through booms, busts, and internecine wars, recently reaching a market valuation of more than $2 trillion. The central promise of crypto endures—vast fortunes made from decentralized networks not controlled by any single entity and not yet regulated by many governments.

The recent growth of crypto would have been all but impossible if not for a brilliant young man named Vitalik Buterin and his creation: Ethereum. In this book, Laura Shin takes readers inside the founding of this novel cryptocurrency network, which enabled users to launch their own new coins, thus creating a new crypto fever. She introduces readers to larger-than-life characters like Buterin, the Web3 wunderkind; his short-lived CEO, Charles Hoskinson; and Joe Lubin, a former Goldman Sachs VP who became one of crypto’s most well-known billionaires. Sparks fly as these outsized personalities fight for their piece of a seemingly limitless new business opportunity.

This fascinating book shows the crypto market for what it really is: a deeply personal struggle to influence the coming revolution in money, culture, and power.

Idealism, Greed, Lies, and the Making of the First Big Cryptocurrency Craze

The Cryptopians


Tokens - often referred to as cryptocurrencies - can represent anything from an asset to an access right, such as gold, diamonds, a fraction of a Picasso painting or an entry ticket to a concert. Tokens could also be used to reward social media contributions, incentivize the reduction of CO2 emissions, or even ones attention for watching an ad. While it has become easy to create a token, which is collectively managed by a public Web3 infrastructure like a blockchain network, the understanding of how to apply these tokens is still vague.

The industry keeps referring to “Blockchain” as different from “Bitcoin,” creating an artificial divide that is often misleading. There seems to be too little understanding about the fact that Bitcoin is a blockchain network, which is (a) globally managed by people who mostly do not know each other, and (b) enabled by the consensus protocol that (c) incentivizes all network actors for their contributions with a native token. The governance rules are tied to the minting of a native blockchain token. The Bitcoin token can, therefore, be seen as the currency of a distributed Internet tribe, called the Bitcoin network, where network actors are rewarded with Bitcoins, just as the Ether is the currency of the distributed Internet tribe Ethereum network, or Sia is the native currency of the Sia network. The Bitcoin network and other distributed ledgers all represent a collectively maintained public infrastructure and are the backbone of the next generation Internet, what the crypto community refers to as the Web3.

This book attempts to summarize existing knowledge about blockchain networks and other distributed ledgers as the backbone of the Web3, and contextualize the socio-economic implications of the Web3 applications such as smart contracts, tokens, and DAOs to the concepts of money, economics, governance and decentralized finance (DeFi).

Token Economy


Learn to Code Blockchain DApps By Building Simple Games

CryptoZombies is an interactive school that teaches you all things technical about blockchains. Learn to make smart contracts in Solidity or Libra by making your own crypto-collectibles game.

#1 Solidity Tutorial & Ethereum Blockchain Programming Course

CryptoZombies


Node Guardians is a gamified educational platform that creates lore-rich programming challenges for experienced Solidity, Huff, Cairo and Noir developers. Think of it as a skill-based RPG where developers can become familiar with specific stack components and a place where they can showcase their abilities. 

### Skills Upgrade

We have created a series of coding challenges called “quests” to engage smart contract developers, providing them with the knowledge to build safe and gas efficient applications. In addition to practical skills, we also provide theoretical knowledge about crypto history, technology and economics through building a library of articles that break down complex concepts of distributed systems & decentralized finance.


### Public Good

Node Guardians is a public good for developers and will always remain so. 
In addition to supporting the growth of cool ecosystems, we plan to make the platform sustainable by managing [infrastructure](https://infra.nodeguardians.io/) across various networks.

Rewarding non-contributing operators wastes funds, we prefer community-building and education.


Node Guardians is a gamified educational platform that creates lore-rich programming challenges for experienced Solidity, Cairo, Huff and Noir developers.

Node Guardians


Speed Run Ethereum aims to provide a structured learning path for onboarding developers to Ethereum.

Ethereum Dev Speed Run with a framework for submitting challenges, get feedback from ethereum builders, and in the process unlocking new challenges and proof of completion.

Speedrun Ethereum

Teaching the next generation of smart contract developers and auditors. Learn from industry-leading experts how to build the next generation of web3 applications and level up your career.


Level up your web3 career through industry leading comprehensive courses

Cyfrin Updraft


This is an initiative for the early solidity developers by those who were early developers sometime.

In this approach, we are looking to categorize the smart contract according to the difficulty level in multiple standards. For now, we are keeping the standard 0 to 5(can be discussed).

This initiative needs great support from Blockchain enthusiast, developer and researchers to build this school in a way which can attract learners and provide them ease for development.

First place for early developers to learn Solidity 

solidity-school


## Introductory Modules

- What is a SNARK?
- Building a SNARK (part 1)
- Building a SNARK (part 2)

## Whiteboard Sessions with ZK Projects​

- SNARKs vs. STARKS with Brendan and Bobbin
- PLONK and Custom Gates with Adrian Hamelink
- Lookup Arguments for Performance Optimisation with Mary Maller
- Zero Knowledge Virtual Machine (zkVM) with grjte
- Achieving Decentralised Private Computation with Pratyush Mishra
- Introduction to zkRollups with Barry Whitehat
- zkEVM with Jordi Baylina
- ZK Swaps with Henry de Valence
- zkID with Oleksandr Brezhniev
- Fast Recursion with Plonky2 with William Borgeaud

ZK Whiteboard Sessions is an educational series on all things zero knowledge

ZK Whiteboard Sessions


## What is a smart contract?

Smart contracts are the backbone of decentralized applications (DApps) and Web3. A smart contract is a simple program that lives on a blockchain network (such as Ethereum). They're actually not that smart. And nothing like a (legal) contract. They’re more like an executable piece of code that requires input or an trigger from an external source. They can validate those input conditions and if correct, execute their own logic to update the state on a blockchain.

## Benefits

They often serve the following purposes:
- Store and maintain data
- Manage relationships with users, or other contracts

Benefits of smart contracts are
- Immutable - once deployed none can change them
- Composable - they’re public and anyone can interact with them, or build on top of them. Much like public APIs

## Resources

The following resources have been the most popular resources on the site for a long time. These are all highly recommend to start learning about Solidity


### 1. Official Solidity website
The most obvious resources is ofcourse the official website and documentation of the Solidity team itself. The Solidity team covers all the core concepts and fundamentals of Solidity and smart contracts in general. Highly recommended

https://soliditylang.org/


### 2. Solidity by Example
The second one on the list is Solidity by Example. A great collection of more practical examples, incl. source code and supporting videos.

https://solidity-by-example.org/


### 3. CryptoZombies 
CryptoZombies is an interactive school that teaches you all things technical about blockchains. A fun and interactive way to write smart contracts in Solidity by making your own crypto-collectibles game.

https://cryptozombies.io/


### 4. Speedrun Ethereum

Speedrun Ethereum helps you get to the next level. It teaches you how to build on Ethereum; the superpowers and the gotchas while you build up your Web3 portfolio. If you like this, also make sure to check out the other work of the amazing [Austin Griffith](https://twitter.com/austingriffith) such as [ETH-build](https://eth.build/) and [Scaffold-eth](https://scaffoldeth.io/).

https://speedrunethereum.com/


### 5. Smart Contract Best Practices 

Smart contracts are complex instruments that have the authority to allocate high-value resources between complex systems. Often working autonomously. With huge financial loss at risk. This makes them critical components in these systems. Development of such components requires thoughtful design, solid engineering practices, rigorous testing and a strong security mindset. This document provides a baseline knowledge of security considerations.

https://consensys.github.io/smart-contract-best-practices/


## Other resources

If you'd like to read more, make sure to checkout all the other [Solidity](/tags/smart%20contracts) resources on the site.

Solidity is a programming language designed for developing smart contracts that run on Ethereum. It's the most in demand skill in the Web3 space. These are the best resources to help you learn more about it.

Best resources to learn Solidity


Navigating conversations and understanding key concepts in web3 sometimes requires its own terminology. In this regard, web3 is not just a technological shift, but also a cultural one.

This guide will provide you with the **most essential terms** to decode the language and become a web3 citizen. It is tailored to provide you with clear and concise definitions for the unique terms that define this industry.

Dive in, discover, and enhance your fluency in the unique lexicon of the web3 industry. (-:

If you want to contribute to the glossary, [have a look on Github](https://github.com/wslyvh/useWeb3/tree/main).

## Glossary a-z

- **Airdrop**  
  Distribution of free tokens, usually to promote a product or incentivise early users

- **Altcoin**  
  Alternative coin, any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin

- **AMM**  
  Automated Market Maker, popular mechanism among decentralized exchanges (DEXes) involving liquidity pools instead of an orderbook-based system

- **Anon**  
  Anonymous, entity that wishes to remain anonymous or pseudonymous

- **Beacon Chain**  
  Ethereum’s proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus layer

- **Bridge**  
  Service that transfers tokens between multiple blockchains (cross-chain)

- **BUIDL**  
  Term to describe the web3 building ethos, even despite a bear market, inspired by HODL

- **CeFi**  
  Centralized finance, the “traditional” finance sector, in contrast to DeFi (decentralized finance)

- **CEX**  
  Centralized Exchange, app for swapping tokens run by a company, often used for fiat exchange; in contrast to DEX (Decentralized Exchange)

- **Cypherpunks**  
  Cypher + punks, movement originating in the early 90s, emphasizing the need for privacy in the digital age, enforced by cryptography

- **DAO**  
  Decentralized Autonomous Organization, blockchain-based organizations that are owned and governed by their members via tokens

- **DApp**  
  Decentralized Application, blockchain-based services that use smart contracts in their backend and thus have a distributed nature, without the need for intermediaries

- **DeFi**  
  Decentralized Finance, general term for decentralized services in the financial sector, that are permissionless and globally available, e.g., DEXes (decentralized exchanges) or lending protocols

- **Degen**  
  Degenerate, term for a person that is deeply involved in crypto or a specific sector, e.g., DeFi Degens

- **DEX**  
  Decentralized Exchange, blockchain-based app for swapping tokens that use smart contracts to be permissionless

- **Diamond Hands**  
  Holding a digital asset through very volatile times

- **DYOR**  
  Do Your Own Research, principle of self-verification instead of trusting others

- **EIP**  
  Ethereum Improvement Proposal, a process to describe standards for the Ethereum platform

- **ERC**  
  Ethereum Request for Comments, form of EIP to specify application layer standards; the most popular ones are ERC20 for fungible tokens and ERC721 for non-fungible tokens

- **EVM**  
  Ethereum Virtual Machine, the environment in which all Ethereum accounts and smart contracts live, the EVM defines the rules for computing a new valid state from block to block

- **Exchange**  
  An application that allows users to buy and sell crypto assets

- **Exit Scam**  
  Scenario in which a project or a part of a team steals the investors’ money and leaves

- **Explorer**  
  Webpage that displays information about the transaction history of a blockchain

- **Faucet**  
  Service that dispenses free tokens, usually for test networks

- **Flippening**  
  Term to describe a pivotal change in price or perception, e.g., when the market cap of a token exceeds the one of another token

- **FOMO**  
  Fear Of Missing Out, term to describe the feeling of not being included in something, e.g., a crypto investment or news

- **Fork**  
  Split of a blockchain or project due to technical issues or a dispute

- **FUD**  
  Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt, the opposite of FOMO

- **Gas**  
  Term for the fee that Ethereum transactions cost; it is used to reward validators and prevents malicious use of the blockchain

- **Genesis Block**  
  The first block recorded in a blockchain

- **Gm**  
  Good morning, form of greetings in crypto communities; due to the global nature of web3 it can be used at any time of the day

- **Hash**  
  Function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values, e.g., for encryption, cryptographic hash functions are used in many parts of the web3 industry

- **HODL**  
  A frequent term referring to a strict buy-and-hold strategy, became famous after a misspelling in the bitcointalk forum in 2013

- **ICO**  
  Initial coin offering, the process of selling tokens when launching a new crypto project, inspired by the initial public offering (IPO) for stocks.

- **JOMO**  
  Joy Of Missing Out, converting FOMO into a positive feeling

- **KYC**  
  Know Your Customer, a process to verify the identity of customers; often used by centralized exchanges or entities

- **Layer 1**  
  Base blockchain architecture that serves as the foundation for other layers, also called mainnet, e.g., Ethereum

- **Layer 2**  
  Built on top of layer 1, usually for scaling purposes, e.g., Optimism

- **Minting**  
  Process of creating new token(s)

- **Mixer**  
  Decentralized Application that “mixes” tokens to cover their transaction history, used for private transactions

- **NFT**  
  Non-Fungible Token, a type of token that is not interchangeable or divisible, in contrast to fungible tokens; often used for digital collectibles

- **Node**  
  An instance holding a copy of the blockchain, it is connected to other nodes, synchronizing the blockchain and thus forming the network

- **OG**  
  Original Gangster, a person who was very early involved in crypto or a specific project

- **Oracle**  
  Data bridge to bring real-world information onto the blockchain

- **P2P**  
  Peer-to-peer, referring to a transaction between two people without other (central) parties involved

- **Rollups**  
  Popular type of layer 2, scaling solution that uses transaction bundling (“rolling up”) transactions before publishing them to the main chain

- **Rug Pull**  
  Scenario in which a team abandons a project and/or removes its liquidity, similar to exit scams

- **SBTs**  
  Soul-Bound-token, type of NFT that is non-transferrable

- **Smart contract**  
  Programs that run on the blockchain that follow the "if this then that" logic, they execute themselves when certain conditions are met

- **Snapshot**  
  Record of a blockchain at a particular block height, also the name of a popular DAO voting tool

- **Solidity**  
  Smart Contract Programming Language, created for the Ethereum blockchain but popular for other chains as well

- **Stablecoin**  
  A cryptocurrency that is pegged to another asset, mostly USD

- **Staking**  
  Process of locking tokens to contribute to validation in a proof of stake blockchain

- **Token**  
  Representation of a digital asset on a blockchain

- **TVL**  
  Total Value Locked, equivalent of USD locked in a blockchain or protocol, often used as an indicator in DeFi, e.g. in lending protocols

- **Validator**  
  Virtual entity participating in the consensus of a proof of stake blockchain, they participate in producing blocks and validating transactions

- **WAGMI**  
  Acronym for “We're All Gonna Make It”, expression used to show an optimistic attitude about the future of web3

- **Whale**  
  An entity holding a large amount of cryptocurrency, sometimes even a significant part of a project

- **Whitepaper**  
  Document that is released with new crypto projects to explain the details of the project.

- **ZKP**  
  Zero-Knowledge-Proof, cryptographic mechanism to verify an information without revealing it, often used for scaling solutions of privacy applications


The glossary provides you with definitions for the most important terms to navigate the web3 landscape.

Crypto glossary – important terms to navigate web3


This handbook is for people who are interested in exploring the vision behind “Web3”, and who wish to acquire in-demand skills that are essential to realizing that vision.  

A Handbook for Smart Contract Development

Learn Solidity


Create Eth App supports multiple frontend frameworks. It comes with a host of decentralized finance templates pre-filled with contract ABIs, addresses and subgraphs. Everything you need to build a modern Ethereum-powered single-page app.

- Learning how to write Ethereum-powered apps in a comfortable and feature-rich development environment.
- Starting new Ethereum-powered single-page React applications without wasting time on copy-pasting boilerplates
- Creating examples with React for your Ethereum-related libraries and components.

Create Ethereum-powered apps with one command

Create Eth App


**Features**
- Next.js
- Ethereum
- Typescript
- Chakra UI
- Wagmi
- Connectkit
- Ethers.js

An open-source Next.js + Ethereum starter kit to quickly ship Web3 Apps

Nexth Starter kit


Everything you need to build on Ethereum!

Quickly experiment with Solidity using a frontend that adapts to your smart contract

Forkable Ethereum dev stack focused on fast product iterations

Scaffold-ETH


Becoming a blockchain engineer is the most fun, rewarding, and exhilarating choice I’ve and my colleagues have ever made. And we’ve already blazed the trail for you to get started! In this article, we will show you exactly how to learn to become a blockchain engineer, from beginner to professional.

Spoiler alert, here is the exact blueprint we are going to cover to get you to a successful blockchain engineer:

1. Understand why you should become a blockchain engineer
2. Take a Blockchain Course
3. Join a Hackathon, the Community, & Build
4. Start your own protocol, Take a job, Freelance & Contribute

If you make it this far, you’ve done it! Although, I’ll add a bonus step 5 that we will talk about soon.

5. You’ve made it! Keep learning!

That’s it! These are the exact steps you need to take to become a blockchain engineer!

Become a blockchain, solidity, and smart contract engineer by following these steps

Become a Blockchain Engineer


Odds are you’ve heard about the Ethereum blockchain, whether or not you know what it is. It’s been in the news a lot lately, including the cover of some major magazines, but reading those articles can be like gibberish if you don’t have a foundation for what exactly Ethereum is. So what is it? In essence, a public database that keeps a permanent record of digital transactions. Importantly, this database doesn’t require any central authority to maintain and secure it. Instead it operates as a “trustless” transactional system — a framework in which individuals can make peer-to-peer transactions without needing to trust a third party OR one another.

Still confused? That’s where this post comes in. My aim is to explain how Ethereum functions at a technical level, without complex math or scary-looking formulas. Even if you’re not a programmer, I hope you’ll walk away with at least better grasp of the tech. If some parts are too technical and difficult to grok, that’s totally fine! There’s really no need to understand every little detail. I recommend just focusing on understanding things at a broad level.

Many of the topics covered in this post are a breakdown of the concepts discussed in the yellow paper. I’ve added my own explanations and diagrams to make understanding Ethereum easier. Those brave enough to take on the technical challenge can also read the Ethereum yellow paper.

Many of the topics covered in this post are a breakdown of the concepts discussed in the yellow paper. I’ve added my own explanations and diagrams to make it easier.

How does Ethereum work, anyway?


I recently joined Edge & Node as a Developer Relations Engineer and have been diving deeper into smart contract development with Ethereum. I have settled upon what I think is the best stack for building full stack dApps with Solidity:

▶︎ Client Framework - React
▶︎ Ethereum development environment - Hardhat
▶︎ Ethereum Web Client Library - Ethers.js
▶︎ API layer - The Graph Protocol

Building Full Stack dApps with React, Ethers.js, Solidity, and Hardhat

The Complete Guide to Full Stack Ethereum Development


Educational sandbox for building on web3. Visually understand how Ethereum works by doing.

ETH.Build


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyMwXuJrbJQ

This course will give you a full introduction into all of the core concepts in blockchain, smart contracts, solidity, NFTs/ERC721s, ERC20s, Coding Decentralized Finance (DeFi), javascript and solidity, Chainlink, Ethereum, upgradable smart contracts, and full stack blockchain development.   

Some of the technologies covered are:
- The Graph
- Chainlink
- Metamask
- Alchemy
- Remix
- Hardhat
- Solidity
- Openzeppelin
- Trail of Bits
- Ganache
- Ethers
- Etherscan
- Coinmarketcap
- Aave
- IPFS
- Fleek.hq
- Filecoin
- NextJS
- Moralis
- Web3uikit
- Opensea
- Pinata
- Nft.storage

 And more!

Follow along with the videos and you'll be a blockchain wizard in no time!  💻 The repository with helpful links to all code, resources, and support forums is located here: https://github.com/smartcontractkit/full-blockchain-solidity-course-js.

This course will give you a full introduction into all of the core concepts related to blockchain, smart contracts, Solidity, ERC20s, full-stack Web3 dapps, decentralized finance (DeFi), JavaScript, TypeScript, Chainlink, Ethereum, upgradable smart contracts, DAOs, the graph, moralis, aave, IPFS, and more. Follow along with the videos and you'll be a blockchain wizard in no time!

Learn Blockchain, Solidity, and Full Stack Web3 Development with JavaScript – 32-Hour Course


Learning Solidity with a collection of YouTube videos and example code.

Learning Solidity


Here we collect and discuss the best DeFi & Blockchain researches and tools 

DeFi Developer roadmap


ETH Gas Tracker helps you discover how gas works, why it matters and help you set optimal gas fees to use the Ethereum network more efficiently. Get real-time gas prices, historical data, and average fees to time your transactions and save money. Ethereum Gas Tracker is the best way to track gas prices and provides an API for developers to integrate gas data into their applications.

Monitor and track the Ethereum, and L2 gas prices to reduce transaction fees and save money

ETH Gas Tracker


This document provides a baseline knowledge of security considerations for intermediate Solidity programmers. It is maintained by ConsenSys Diligence, with contributions from our friends in the broader Ethereum community.

A guide to Ethereum smart contract security best practices

Smart Contract Best Practices

For usual laptop screens(Mac 13 inch), the Disconnect Button gets hidden behind the contract interface sidebar, it is fine on a 1920x1080 screen though.


enhancement

good first issue

sway-playground

TypeScript

Responsive to smaller screen size (13 inch MBP)

Need a simple copy button (like the one there is for copying bytecode) for the compiled ABI:
<img width="2534" alt="Screenshot 2025-01-04 at 1 38 07 PM" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/fef3b342-fc86-446d-85e9-74557c9a7164" />



Support for copying ABI to clipboard for compiled contract

### Describe the bug

On the assets page, the download links are not working

### To reproduce

1. Go to https://ethereum.org/en/assets/
2. Click on "Download" on a any of the icon logo
3. It shows an error page


### Expected behavior

Download the actual assets icon

### Screenshots

<img width="1366" alt="Screenshot 2025-01-03 at 19 23 02" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/412a2a2c-7275-4ece-af3d-e543f9c832d6" />


### Desktop (please complete the following information)

All Operating System

### Smartphone (please complete the following information)

All Smartphone devices

### Additional context

_No response_

### Would you like to work on this issue?

- [X] Yes
- [ ] No

bug 🐛

dev required

Ethereum.org is a primary online resource for the Ethereum community.

ethereum-org-website

Markdown

Ethereum assets download link for PNG, JPG & SVG icons are invalid

#### System information

Geth version `geth version`: 1.14.13-unstable-341647f1-20241219
CL client & version: ?
OS & Version: OpenBSD/adJ 7.6


#### Expected behaviour

```
gmake test
```

All tests passing

#### Actual behaviour

Most of the tests pass except:

```
--- FAIL: TestAccountNewBadRepeat (0.12s)                                                                                                                       
    test_cmd.go:261: (stderr:9) INFO [12-26|17:14:24.403] Maximum peer count                       ETH=50 total=50                                              
    test_cmd.go:261: (stderr:9) INFO [12-26|17:14:24.407] Smartcard socket not found, disabling    err="stat /var/run/pcscd/pcscd.comm: no such file or director
y"                                                                                                                                                              
    test_cmd.go:261: (stderr:9) Fatal: Passwords do not match                                                                                                   
    test_cmd.go:115: not enough output, got until ◊:                                                                                                            
        ---------------- (stdout text)                                                                                                                          
        Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.                                                        
        !! Unsupported terminal, password will be echoed.                                                                                                       
        Password:                                                                                                                                               
        Repeat password:                                                        
         

        ---------------- (expected text)                                                                                                                        
        Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.                                                        
        !! Unsupported terminal, password will be echoed.                                                                                                       
        Password:                                                                                                                                               
        Repeat password:                                                                                                                                        
        ◊Fatal: Passwords do not match                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                
--- FAIL: TestWalletImportBadPassword (0.20s)                                                                                                                   
    test_cmd.go:261: (stderr:18) INFO [12-26|17:14:24.968] Maximum peer count                       ETH=50 total=50                                             
    test_cmd.go:261: (stderr:18) INFO [12-26|17:14:24.972] Smartcard socket not found, disabling    err="stat /var/run/pcscd/pcscd.comm: no such file or directo
ry"                                                                                                                                                             
    test_cmd.go:261: (stderr:18) Fatal: could not decrypt key with given password                                                                               
    test_cmd.go:115: not enough output, got until ◊:                                                                                                            
        ---------------- (stdout text)                                                                                                                          
        !! Unsupported terminal, password will be echoed.                                                                                                       
        Password:                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                
        ---------------- (expected text)                                                                                                                        
        !! Unsupported terminal, password will be echoed.                                                                                                       
        Password:                                                                                                                                               
        ◊Fatal: could not decrypt key with given password
         

--- FAIL: TestAccountImport (0.00s)                                                                                                                             
    --- FAIL: TestAccountImport/invalid_character (0.09s)                                                                                                       
        test_cmd.go:261: (stderr:25) Fatal: Failed to load the private key: invalid character '1' at end of key file                                            
        test_cmd.go:115: not enough output, got until ◊:                                                                                                        
            ---------------- (stdout text)                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                
            ---------------- (expected text)                                                                                                                    
            ◊Fatal: Failed to load the private key: invalid character '1' at end of key file                                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                
--- FAIL: TestCustomBackend (2.78s)
...
        Fatal: Failed to register the Ethereum service: db.engine choice was pebble but found pre-existing leveldb database in specified data directory         
FAIL                                                                                                                                                            
FAIL    github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/geth        4.880s
...
panic: cannot allocate 67108864 bytes via mmap: cannot allocate memory [recovered]                                                                              
        panic: cannot allocate 67108864 bytes via mmap: cannot allocate memory 
FAIL    github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state      7.340s
...
fatal error: runtime: out of memory
...
FAIL    github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/protocols/snap      18.211s
```


#### Steps to reproduce the behaviour

```
gmake test
```

#### Backtrace



type:bug

help wanted

Go implementation of the Ethereum protocol

go-ethereum

Few tests don't pass on OpenBSD/adJ

## Description
In accordance with @ivokub's feedback on https://github.com/Consensys/linea-monorepo/pull/367, change the compressor's flow into one that writes on a "scratch" and in case of success copies it into the current state. This would replace the current strategy of optimistically attempting to compress and reverting if something went wrong.

## Motivation
The fact that there are more ways of going wrong than going right (there are many control paths leading to a revert) has lead to complex code involving many goto-labels. The pessimistic strategy will result in smaller, more readable code.

@gbotrel thoughts?

## Tasks
- [ ] Medium-level task that needs to be implemented for this feature request to be considered complete.

## Acceptance criteria
- [ ] List tests that need to be implemented or checks to consider this task completed. 

## Risks
- [ ] These are risks that may prevent completion of the task as well as areas to pay special attention to

## Remember to
 - [ ] Add the `documentation` label in case there is an impact on the documentation
 - [ ] Add `priority` and `team` labels
 - [ ] Add Task for updating the Runbook or adding/updating existing metrics and alerts. 


TechDebt

Data compressor

The principal Linea repository. This mainly includes the smart contracts covering Linea's core functions, the prover in charge of generating ZK proofs, the coordinator responsible for multiple orchestrations, and the postman to execute bridge messages.

linea-monorepo

Refactor: Remove reverts from compressor

### Version Information

* vyper Version (output of `vyper --version`): v0.4.1b3

### What's your issue about?

The venom parser (https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/blob/9c98b3ed4a4fbb1a614e63f815617fc275a0d16a/vyper/venom/parser.py#L67) is currently slow as it uses lark's "earley" algorithm (https://lark-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/parsers.html#earley). Switch to LALR(1)

Easy Pickings

venom

performance

Pythonic Smart Contract Language for the EVM

vyper

Python

Venom parser uses slow earley algorithm

history expiry

A robust execution client for Ethereum node operators.

nethermind

Implement EIP-7801: etha - Sharded Blocks Subprotocol

Opened as reference for :  https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth/issues/13488

A-block-building

A-rpc

Modular, contributor-friendly and blazing-fast implementation of the Ethereum protocol, in Rust

op-reth

Rust

eth_sendRawTransactionConditional

### Requirement

To keep with the requirements of being a Graduated project in the LFDT, it would be good to keep track of the OpenSSF score of the project by using the official action https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action?tab=readme-ov-file#workflow-setup-required to create a scorecard

### Steps

Setup the workflow https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action?tab=readme-ov-file#workflow-setup-required 

Think about how this works with multiple repos



Hyperledger FireFly is the first open source Supernode: a complete stack for enterprises to build and scale secure Web3 applications. The FireFly API for digital assets, data flows, and blockchain transactions makes it radically faster to build production-ready apps on popular chains and protocols.

firefly

Enable OpenSSF scorecard action

Some Foundry projects use https://book.getfoundry.sh/projects/soldeer for dependency management. Add support for Chainlink Local

The Chainlink CCIP Local Simulator, visit documentation by clicking the link below:

chainlink-local

Solidity

Add support for Soldeer

### Which components does the task require to be changed? (think hard pls)

sncast

### Description

Add info that if there is exactly one match with the provided struct/enum name, then the full path to e.g. enum isn't required
<img width="722" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/e13fc6c7-d656-4780-b1d5-fe036255629c" />
 

documentation

Blazing fast toolkit for developing Starknet contracts.

starknet-foundry

Update data transformer docs

Currently, the implementation uses a 256bit field. Changing to a 128bit field should be an easy performance win. Using a 32/64bit field and a 128 bit extension is very important for the prover, but on the verifier the added complexity of the extension might offset some of the benefits and generally requires more thought.

Ideally, the implementation should be generic across choice of field but I am not sure how hard this is in Solidity.

Solidity libraries and contracts for verifying WHIR proofs on the EVM.

sol-whir

Explore - support more fields

Right now, the SDK relies on the default endpoints for the supported networks.
While this is sufficient for a small-scale dApp or service, this might lead to reaching rate limits on larger scale projects.

The goal of this ticket is to let anyone instantiate the SDK with a new _optional_ parameter: an RPC URL.
This can be done by adding a new field in the [Conf type](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-attestation-registry/blob/7827f8d9dd05faf4e9f1865b6e56aa19a794a116/sdk/src/types/index.ts#L4), passing it [when instantiating the SDK](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-attestation-registry/blob/7827f8d9dd05faf4e9f1865b6e56aa19a794a116/sdk/src/VeraxSdk.ts#L146).

Tech Task

Good first issue

Verax is a shared registry for storing attestations of public interest on EVM chains, designed to enhance data discoverability and consumption for dApps across the network.

linea-attestation-registry

[TASK] Give the ability to use a dedicated RPC URL at the SDK level

For now, we have scripts deploying upgradeable contracts for our main registries (see [deploy scripts](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-attestation-registry/tree/dev/contracts/script/deploy)).

As we are transitioning towards an ownership management via a Safe wallet, we need to have scripts deploying only the implementations for the contracts. These scripts should follow the same steps as the current ones.

[TASK] Create a script to deploy contract implementations only

When we run [the script to deploy all contracts](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-attestation-registry/blob/dev/contracts/script/deploy/deployEverything.ts) for Verax, we verify the contracts on the chain explorer, as specified in the Hardhat configuration file.

Because this process can fail, or because newly created networks might not have a functioning chain explorer yet, we need to make this verification process optional. In other words, this ticket aims to introduce new pnpm scripts, passing a `--no-verify` argument to the script deploying/upgrading contracts.

Scripts that should be compatible with this new option:

- [ ] [deployEverything](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-attestation-registry/blob/dev/contracts/script/deploy/deployEverything.ts)
- [ ] [deployIssuers](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-attestation-registry/blob/dev/contracts/script/deploy/deployIssuers.ts)
- [ ] [deployStdLib](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-attestation-registry/blob/dev/contracts/script/deploy/deployStdLib.ts)
- [ ] [forceUpgradeEverything](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-attestation-registry/blob/dev/contracts/script/upgrade/forceUpgradeEverything.ts)
- [ ] [upgradeEverything](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-attestation-registry/blob/dev/contracts/script/upgrade/upgradeEverything.ts)

[TASK] When deploying contracts, make the verification process optional

At the SDK level, functions crafting transactions have multiple parameters: _functional_ parameters (such as the payload to attest, etc.) and _technical_ parameters (such as a custom ABI, etc.).

Example: the `attestV2` function in the `PortalDataMapper` [here](https://github.com/Consensys/linea-attestation-registry/blob/7827f8d9dd05faf4e9f1865b6e56aa19a794a116/sdk/src/dataMapper/PortalDataMapper.ts#L115).

While the functional parameters are mandatory, the technical parameters are optional and/or have a default value. And at the same time, they generate a long signature for the functions.

The goal of this ticket is to harmonize the technical parameters on all functions generating an on-chain transaction, by introducing a `TransactionOptions` object regrouping these parameters.

Tech Debt

[TASK] Regroup transaction options in a dedicated object

### What is the feature you would like to see?

See https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/rust-contracts-stylus/pull/407/files#diff-de72526f0bcd113ba994e7528f578c444fb3278fe03cb9b64f8bb346621528e1R59-R60
>  TODO: uncomment once it's possible to deploy custom Solidity contracts,
>  or in this case `ERC3156FlashBorrowerMock`.

We need to update https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/rust-contracts-stylus/blob/4de08e5bac6521471c96dd7a598ec6449dc2f03e/benches/src/lib.rs#L47 to allow deploying custom Solidity contracts, in order to be able to deploy mocks like `ERC3156FlashBorrowerMock`.

### Contribution Guidelines

- [X] I agree to follow this project's Contribution Guidelines

priority: 0

effort: medium

type: chore

blocked

A library for secure smart contract development written in Rust

rust-contracts-stylus

[Feature]: Uncomment `flash_loan` Bench Once it's Possible to Deploy Custom Solidity Contracts

Similar to https://github.com/crytic/medusa/issues/520, we could keep a name for the addresses generated, and show the name instead of value in the cli output. 

For example something like `TestToken.transfer(address,uint256)(0x253a67858fb108833d28d9388cdb62c73851eafe, 16433339) (addr=0xA647ff3c36cFab592509E13860ab8c4F28781a66, value=0, sender=0x0000000000000000000000000000000000030000)`

Could become: `TestToken.transfer(address,uint256)(user1, 16433339) (addr=user0, value=0, sender=sender2)`

We could define a couple of naming convention, like:
- `deployer` (`deployerAddress` from the config) 
- `sender0`, `sender1`, ... (`senderAddresses` from the config file)
- `user0`, `user1`, ... for the EOA used in the function parameter
- `File.sol:ContractName0` for the contracts deployed through the fuzzing

We would still need to show the mapping at the end to avoid confusion, but I think that would make the cli output much easier to follow

Parallelized, coverage-guided, mutational Solidity smart contract fuzzing, powered by go-ethereum

medusa

Use names for addresses

In the cli output, addresses tend to be difficult to read due to their leading zero (ex: `sender=0x0000000000000000000000000000000000030000)`).

We could hide the leading zero so that `0x0000000000000000000000000000000000030000` is `0x30000` 

Hide leading zero on address

## Issue summary
- While designing the statement distribution subsystem I've noticed that it needs to send messages to `Candidate Backing` subsystems, and after a look into the `Candidate Backing` it will also need to send messages to `Statement Distribution`

- Currently, in Gossamer we have packages contains a filed `message.go` that contains all the messages the subsystem can receive, and other packages that contains an inner package called `messages` that holds a file called `messages.go` that contains the messages.

- In a case where two subsystems should send messages to each other they need to import the receiving subsystem to be able to instantiate the message and sent, so if all the messages stay in the subsystem package this will create an cyclic import


## Implementation details

- We should use the second approach where the subsystem has an inner package called `messages` to avoid such case.

## Other information and links

- `Backing -> Statement Distribution`: [link to the code](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/ec69b612bfa082ada07ceb7d8115e07f943f6815/polkadot/node/core/backing/src/lib.rs#L1697)
- `Statement Distribution -> Backing`: [link to the code](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/ec69b612bfa082ada07ceb7d8115e07f943f6815/polkadot/node/network/statement-distribution/src/v2/mod.rs#L1959)

## Acceptance criteria

[] Move all the messages for each subsystems to the `messages` pkg

C-simple

T-implementation

🕸️ Go Implementation of the Polkadot Host

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